Environmental information related to Gasum’s products

Environmental information is given on biogas, natural gas and Guarantees of Origin (GOs) for renewable electricity. The information is intended to enable comparing the environmental characteristics and impacts of the energy products Gasum offers.

Biogas and liquefied biogas (LBG/bio-LNG)

Biogas is a renewable energy source. Gasum’s biogas is produced using waste streams or residual products from food production or agriculture. Carbon dioxide produced in the process is biogenic, meaning it is non-fossil and already in circulation. Liquefied biogas is upgraded biogas that has been cooled to -162°C.

The life cycle emissions of biogas sold by Gasum are, on average, 95% lower than those of conventional fossil fuels such as diesel. The figure has been calculated based on emissions of all biogas sold by Gasum during 2025. The emission calculations are performed over the entire life cycle of biogas (well to wheel, WTW) and take into account emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4).

Gasum’s greenhouse gas emission calculations are based on the Finnish Energy Authority’s guidelines on sustainability criteria and are in compliance with the EU Renewable Energy Directive (2018/2001/EU). A comparator of 94 gCO2eq/MJ has been used in the calculation as defined in the directive. Gasum’s calculations are verified annually through external and independent third-party audits.

For biogas that is produced using mainly manure as feedstock, the emission reduction exceeded 100% in 2025. This is due to avoided emissions from the manure, compared to the situation when it is left untreated. As a result of the avoided emissions, calculated life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions can be negative when compared with the fossil fuel comparator defined in the Renewable Energy Directive.

Natural gas and liquefied natural gas (LNG)

Compared to oil-based fossil fuels, such as diesel or marine gasoil, natural gas has lower emissions. In accordance with a Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) research report its use produces close to zero sulfur oxides (SOx), particulate mass and black carbon. LNG use can also result in up to 85% less nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions depending on the combustion process.

According to the emission factors and calorific values set out in Annex II to the EU FuelEU Maritime Regulation (EU) 2023/1805 LNG combustion produces approximately 25% lower CO₂ emissions per unit of energy than conventional fossil marine diesel. This figure does not take into account emissions from fuel production and supply chains or methane emissions related to engine type, which affect the fuels’ total life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions.

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to -162°C.

Renewable electricity Guarantees of Origin

Under the EU Renewable Energy Directive (EU) 2018/2001, renewable electricity Guarantees of Origin (GOs) are electronic certificates that verify that the specified amount of  electricity has been generated using renewable energy sources. The certificate states where, when and how the energy was produced. 

Renewable electricity under a GO can be generated from sources such as wind, solar, hydro and biomass. Generally, one guarantee of origin for electricity equals 1 MWh of electricity produced from renewable sources.

The certificates allow the renewable origin of electricity to be tracked separately from the physical electricity flowing through the grid. When a GO is used, it is recalled and removed from the market to ensure that each MWh of renewable energy is used only once.